By Π¨Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌ Π’ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° Π¨Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π° Β«ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π₯Π₯ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°Β» β ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»Π°Π³Π΅ΡΡΡ , ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Β«ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π¨Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π» ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ β ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Β«ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΒ» β ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»Π°Π³Π΅ΡΡΡ , ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ Π¨Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ» Β«Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ», ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π² ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ.
Π‘Π°ΠΌ Π¨Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ» ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΒ». ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π΄Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ Π»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅.
Critics hailed Varlam Shalamov as the "Dostoevsky of the 20th century"βa Russian writer and poet whose life, marked by twenty years in Stalin's labor camps, became a tragic reflection of his era. His prose, distinguished by its striking precision and brevity, stood in stark contrast to the literary canons, even during the "Thaw." Shalamov forged a completely new literary language, defying conventional normsβboth in form and content.
"Kolyma Tales" is not merely a narrative about life in Stalin's camps; it is a profound artistic exploration of a terrifying reality, a searing examination of the limits of human endurance and degradation. In these tales, Shalamov revealed "something new in the behavior of man reduced to the level of an animal," portraying the fates of martyrs who never became, and could never become, heroes.
Shalamov himself defined his stories as "a new prose, the prose of living life, which is at the same timeβtransformed reality, a transformed document." His literary voice, comparable to that of Pluto rising from the underworld, conveys a chilling truth about human nature tested to its breaking point.