By Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π‘Π°ΡΠ°
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ±Π΅ΡΠ³, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°ΡΠ° Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ (1880-1932) β ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ±Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π° Π‘Π°ΡΠΈ β Π±ΡΡΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ½. ΠΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ "Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ", ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΡΠ½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π» ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ² Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π―Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΌ Π² 1898 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² "Π‘ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°" ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Π΅ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡ.
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π.Π. Π ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²Π·ΡΠ» Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π° Π ΠΎΡΠ΅ β Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘Π°ΡΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π² 1904 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² "ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅".
ΠΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π°Π» Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π‘Π°ΡΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Ρ Π§ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ "ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π‘Π°ΡΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ". ΠΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΆΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π½Π΅ ΡΠ³Π°Ρ.
ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π‘Π°ΡΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΡΠ»Π° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. "ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΊΠΈ", "ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ", "ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ" β ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. "ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΊΠΈ" ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° β ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ "ΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΡ", ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π’Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg, better known by his pen name Sasha Cherny (1880-1932), was a brilliant star of the Russian Silver Age, a poet, prose writer, and journalist whose life was as dramatic as his works.
In the large Glikberg family, there were two Sashes β a brunette and a blonde. This led to the nickname "Cherny" (Black), which later became his legendary literary pseudonym.
Fifteen-year-old Sasha ran away from home, experiencing poverty and homelessness on the streets of St. Petersburg. After being expelled from gymnasium and abandoned by his family, he found himself on the brink of survival. A chance encounter with journalist Alexander Yablonsky, who published a report about the abandoned boy in "Syn otechestva" in 1898, changed everything.
Sasha's story touched the heart of Zhitomir official K.K. Roche, who took him under his wing. Zhitomir became his second home, and Roche β his true godfather. Sasha Cherny's first poem was published in 1904 in the "Volyn Bulletin".
He soon moved to St. Petersburg, where his talent quickly gained recognition. Sasha Cherny's poems were immensely popular; according to Kornei Chukovsky, readers "first of all looked for Sasha Cherny's poems in the magazine". The October Revolution forced the writer to emigrate, but his creative potential did not wane abroad.
Children's literature became a significant part of Sasha Cherny's work. "The Diary of Fox Mickey," "Frivolous Stories," "Cat Sanatorium" β these works are still loved by generations of readers. "The Diary of Fox Mickey" remains one of his best creations from the emigration period β amazing "dog memoirs" full of subtle humor and deep understanding of human nature. The text of the work is presented in abridged form.