By Π€Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°
ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π€Π°ΡΡΡ, 2019
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π±Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Krista Faust, 2019
This book comprehensively covers the establishment of trade and diplomatic relations between the Russian and Chinese empires following the Treaty of Kyakhta. Professor Faust details the operations of state monopolies, identifies strategic commodities, and analyzes the impact of private trade on the development of Eastern Siberia and the overall Russian economy.
The author highlights the foresight and business acumen of Russian merchants, their unique approach to understanding Eastern business practices, and their success in maintaining profitability and diplomatic ties with both local border populations and the Celestial Empire's officials under challenging conditions.
The study concludes that increased trade with China spurred entrepreneurial activity in Russia, with customs duties from private border trade becoming a primary source of state revenue.