By Π ΠΎΡΡΠ½ Π ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠ½ Π ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ, 2021
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±, ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ»Π° Π² ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
Richard Wilmer Rowan, 2021
American researcher Richard Wilmer Rowan presents a work on the history of secret services, spanning three millennia of secret agents' activities across various nations. The author examines the evolution of surveillance and covert operations from ancient times to the present day. It covers methods used in the Byzantine Empire, medieval Asia, during Napoleon's era, and up to the Entente and modern times. The book illustrates how political espionage transformed from a craft into an art.