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By Π‘ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π» ΠΠ°Π²Π°
ΠΠ°Π²Π° Π‘ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π» | 2024
Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ XIX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄, ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ , ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ» Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ.
Dava Sobel | 2024
In the mid-19th century, Harvard Observatory began employing women as 'computers' to interpret astronomical observations. Initially, these were relatives of the staff astronomers, later joined by graduates from women's colleges. As photography became integral to astronomy, these women expanded their work to studying stars captured on glass photographic plates. The 'Glass Universe' of half a million plates accumulated at Harvard over decades enabled these women to make significant discoveries, including understanding stellar composition, classifying stars, and developing methods for measuring interstellar distances, earning them worldwide recognition. This book chronicles the contributions of these women that reshaped our understanding of the stars and humanity's place in the cosmos.