By ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΎ Π.
ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΎ Π., 2018
ΠΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΡΡΠΈ, Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° XIV β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ XV ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Β«Π²ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Β» Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ I ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ II, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ, Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π’Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ.
E. Maleto, 2018
This study examines the diplomatic history of the principalities of Northeastern Rus', the Rus'-Lithuanian state, and the Russian Orthodox Church during the late 14th to mid-15th centuries. It focuses on the competition for primacy in unifying Russian lands and the role of the "Byzantine factor" in the formation of Russian statehood. The narrative centers on the Grand Duchy of Moscow under Vasily I and Vasily II, a period when the consolidation of lands around Moscow became consistent, with Tver and Nizhny Novgorod as the main rivals. Despite the weakening of central authority due to feudal wars, the unification process continued. The Russian Orthodox Church supported the Moscow princes, leveraging its spiritual authority and international ties with the Patriarchate of Constantinople.