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By Holland Tom
Tom Holland • 2003
This acclaimed narrative history follows the last century of the Roman Republic, tracing how political rivalries, civil wars and personal ambition eroded centuries of republican rule. The book opens with Julius Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BCE, the irreversible step that signaled the end of senatorial power and the rise of imperial autocracy. Through vivid portraits of figures such as Cicero, Pompey and Cleopatra, the account explains the legal customs, military pressures and social tensions that made collapse almost inevitable. The result is a brisk yet detailed chronicle that connects ancient events to enduring questions about power, citizenship and the price of stability.