By ΠΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½
ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½ ΠΡΠ»ΡΠΌ, 2014, Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ "ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ"
Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° XVI Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π¨ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ².
John Malam, 2014, Family Encyclopedia "History"
Between the late 16th and early 18th centuries, states and institutions that persist today took shape. The Netherlands and Portugal gained independence, England and Scotland united to form Great Britain, and Russia emerged as a significant power. Concurrently, the vast Holy Roman Empire, a dominant force in Europe for centuries, declined. This era was marked by continuous conflict between absolute monarchies and increasingly powerful representative bodies like Parliament. This struggle and the search for new societal structures led to the creation of modern nation-states.