By ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ XIX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ Β«ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠ°Β». Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
Vasily E. Molodyakov
The relationship between Russia and France has always been close and complex. French influence on Russian history, culture, and the educated class, starting from the mid-18th century, was immense, introducing scientific discoveries, philosophical teachings, and social ideas. Despite mutual attraction and intense cultural exchange, interstate relations were not always friendly. In the late 19th century, French statesmen turned their attention to Russia, seeking rapprochement even with the "empire of the whip." The events of this period offer intriguing lessons that extend beyond secret diplomacy and military cooperation.