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By ΠΠΈΠΊΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½
ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΊΠΈ, 2024
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π² 1717 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
John Dickie, 2024
This book by Professor John Dickie offers a compelling exploration of Freemasonry, a society founded in London in 1717. Initially an association built around character-forming ideals, it rapidly expanded globally. Freemasonry influenced the American national outlook under George Washington, served as a tool within the British Empire, and played a role during Napoleon's era. The book also touches upon its connections to the Mormon Church and the Sicilian Mafia, highlighting its enduring influence on contemporary society.