By Π¨Π°ΠΌΠ±Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ²Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π¨Π°ΠΌΠ±Π°ΡΠΎΠ², 2025
Π XV Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΠ΄Ρ, Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ½ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ» ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ, Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π£Π³ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ²Π°Π½ III ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ» ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Ρ Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ.
Valery Shambarov, 2025
In the 15th century, fragmented Russian lands suffered under the yoke of the Golden Horde, Lithuanian expansion, and raids from neighbors. During this era, a new, powerful state began to form around Moscow under the leadership of Ivan III, who earned the epithet the Great. He successfully resisted the Livonian Order, Sweden, and the Kazan Khanate. A pivotal event was the Great Stand on the Ugra River, which ended dependence on the Horde and its tribute. Ivan III also reclaimed significant territories from Lithuania. Under his rule, a new Moscow Kremlin with magnificent cathedrals was built, and his marriage to Sophia Palaiologos solidified the country's position as the successor to the Byzantine Empire and a center of Orthodoxy.