By Π‘ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆ , β¦
Π‘ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½, 2024, Π‘Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ»
ΠΡΠ° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ XIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΡΡ ΠΠ·ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π»Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ.
Π ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π§ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ.
John Saunders, 2024, Separate Editions Series
This book delves into the sweeping Mongol conquests of the 13th century, a period when Central Asian nomads seized control of vast territories stretching across Asia to the borders of Germany and the Adriatic Sea. The author presents a documented history of the rise and fall of this great empire, exploring the factors that contributed to its rapid expansion and subsequent decline.
The book examines the characteristics of Eurasian nomadism, which had a significant impact on the military tactics and strategy of the Mongols. Particular attention is paid to the Mongol invasion of Europe, analyzing the reasons for their successes and the factors that ultimately stopped their advance. It also explores the Christian world's response to the Mongol threat, including diplomatic and military efforts to counter the conquerors.
The rule of the Mongols in China and Persia is covered in detail, examining the features of their administrative system, cultural interaction, and economic influence. The author paints portraits of key rulers, including the great khans and, above all, the legendary Genghis Khan, as well as the Mongol rulers of China and the khans of the Golden and White Hordes. The narrative concludes with an analysis of the reasons why the Mongols were stopped on the edge of Europe and driven out of the Middle East, marking the decline of their great empire.