By Π₯Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ³Π°Π»
Π₯Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ³Π°Π», 2023
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Β«Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°Β» ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π€ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π» Β«ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ», Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Β«ΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΒ» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°.
Igal Halfin, 2023
Bolshevism is examined as a quasi-religious messianic movement aiming for radical societal transformation and the creation of a paradise on Earth. Becoming a "new person" required participants to reshape themselves through communist ethics, addressing flaws and overcoming doubts. A central practice was the analysis of the self, termed "communist hermeneutics" by Michel Foucault, involving discussions of thoughts, autobiographies, letters, and diaries to interpret inner life. The author traces the poetics of these ego-documents, showing how they embodied the movement's narrative from darkness to light and conversion. Over time, comrade courts and discussions of party members' transgressions evolved into political trials, labeling "incorrect" communists as counter-revolutionaries, thus laying the groundwork for the Great Terror.